数到十，然后问你住几号。

One

零到十。

Nought to ten.

Swahili	数 / No.	来源 / Where it comes from
sifuri	0	阿拉伯语 ṣifr Arabic — the same root as English zero and cipher
moja	1	班图 Bantu
mbili	2	班图 Bantu
tatu	3	班图 Bantu
nne	4	班图；双 n，读作两拍 Bantu; the double n is held
tano	5	班图 Bantu
sita	6	阿拉伯语 Arabic
saba	7	阿拉伯语 Arabic
nane	8	班图 Bantu
tisa	9	阿拉伯语 Arabic
kumi	10	班图 Bantu

值得停一下的是那三个例外。1 到 5、8 和 10 是本土班图词，而 6、7、9 是阿拉伯语借词——本土的对应词（*sitatu*、*saba* 之外的形式）在斯瓦希里语里没有留存下来。为什么偏偏是中段这几个数：它们是记账和计价时用得最频繁、也最容易被贸易伙伴的说法覆盖掉的一段。

The three exceptions are worth stopping on. One to five, eight and ten are native Bantu; six, seven and nine are Arabic loans, and the Bantu forms they displaced did not survive. Why that particular stretch: these are the numbers that do the most work in reckoning and pricing, and so the most exposed to a trading partner’s way of saying them.

这跟 Note 01 第七节记下的模式是同一件事，只是落点不同：阿拉伯语的沉积聚集在贸易、器物和客套话上，而数字系统的中段正属于贸易。

This is the same pattern Note 01 §7 recorded, landing somewhere new: the Arabic residue clusters in trade, objects and courtesy — and the middle of a counting system is trade.

发音提醒：nne 不是一个音节。按 Note 01 的规则，写出来的字母都要读，所以是 n-ne，重音落在倒数第二个音节上。nane（8）和 nne（4）在快速对话里最容易混。 · Nne is two beats, not one. Nane and nne are the pair most easily confused at speed.

Two

十以上，阿拉伯语接管。

Above ten, Arabic takes over.

十一到十九的构造完全透明：kumi na（十和）加个位数。na 就是 Note 01 第四节那个"和"。

Eleven to nineteen are built transparently: kumi na — ten and — plus the unit. The na is the same na from Note 01 §4.

Swahili	数 / No.	字面 / Literally
kumi na moja	11	十和一 ten and one
kumi na mbili	12	十和二 ten and two
kumi na tano	15	十和五 ten and five
kumi na tisa	19	十和九 ten and nine

但整十位是另一回事。除了 kumi 本身，从二十到九十全部是阿拉伯语，一百和一千也是。

The tens are another matter. Apart from kumi itself, every ten from twenty to ninety is Arabic, and so are hundred and thousand.

Swahili	数 / No.	Swahili	数 / No.
ishirini	20	sabini	70
thelathini	30	themanini	80
arobaini	40	tisini	90
hamsini	50	mia	100
sitini	60	elfu	1000

拼起来的方式还是加法：ishirini na tatu（23）、mia moja na hamsini（150）、elfu mbili na ishirini na sita（2026）。

They still assemble by addition: ishirini na tatu (23), mia moja na hamsini (150), elfu mbili na ishirini na sita (2026).

留意那个 -ini 的尾巴——ishirini、thelathini、arobaini、hamsini、sitini、sabini、themanini、tisini 全都带着它。那是阿拉伯语整十位的双数／复数后缀原样搬了过来。认出这个尾巴，八个词就是一个词。

Note the -ini tail running through all eight. It is the Arabic ending for the tens, carried over intact. Recognise the tail and the eight words become one.

Note 01 词汇表里已经出现过 tano、saba 和 themanini，当时是零散记的，现在归位了。 · Tano, saba and themanini already appeared in the Note 01 vocabulary, filed loose. They now have a place.

Three

数字也戴帽子。

Numbers wear hats too.

Note 01 第三节说过：名词所在的类支配周围一切回指它的成分。数字也在"周围一切"里面。

Note 01 §3 said the noun’s class governs everything that refers back to it. Numbers are inside that everything.

但只有一部分数字参与一致——恰好是那些**本土班图**的：-moja、-wili、-tatu、-nne、-tano、-nane。而 6、7、9、10 以及所有整十位不变形，因为它们是阿拉伯语借词——跟 Note 01 里 salama、ghali 不变形是同一条道理。

Only some numbers agree, and they are exactly the native Bantu ones: -moja, -wili, -tatu, -nne, -tano, -nane. Six, seven, nine, ten and all the tens do not change, because they are Arabic loans — the same reason salama and ghali stay put in Note 01.

类 / Class	一 / one	二 / two	三 / three	七 / seven
人 people	mtu mmoja	watu wawili	watu watatu	watu saba
物 things	kitabu kimoja	vitabu viwili	vitabu vitatu	vitabu saba
N 类 N class	nyumba moja	nyumba mbili	nyumba tatu	nyumba saba

这解释了一件容易被当成怪癖的事：为什么"二"的字典形式是 mbili 而不是 wili。因为单独数数时用的是 N 类的形式——N 类是无标记的默认类——而 -wili 戴上 N 类的帽子就是 mbili。你从课上学到的那一串 moja, mbili, tatu, nne, tano……本身就已经是戴过帽子的了。

This explains something that otherwise looks like a quirk: why the citation form of two is mbili and not wili. Counting on its own uses the N-class forms, N being the unmarked default — and -wili under the N-class hat is mbili. The list you learn in class is already wearing a hat.

Four

敌人走了，朋友来了。

A couplet for agreement.

这一对句子在板书上写在数字旁边，看着像格言，实际是一道一致关系的练习。Adui（敌人）和 rafiki（朋友）都是 N 类——两个都是阿拉伯语借词，而 Note 01 说过，阿拉伯语借词大多落在 N 类。所以两个"我的"都戴 y- 的帽子：yangu。

Written up beside the numbers, this pair looks like a proverb and works as an agreement drill. Adui and rafiki are both N-class — both Arabic loans, and Note 01 noted that most Arabic loans land in N. So both take the y- hat: yangu.

对照 Note 01 练习三里的 rafiki yangu，那里注过一句：强调"人"的时候也听得到 wangu。这是 N 类里指人的名词的一个常见摇摆——语法上归 N，感觉上归人类，两顶帽子都有人戴。

Compare rafiki yangu in Note 01, drill three, where wangu was noted as also heard when the person is being emphasised. That wobble is common with N-class nouns denoting people: N by grammar, people by feel, and both hats get worn.

Kwenda（去）和 kuja（来）都是不定式，前缀 ku-（Note 01 的第 15 类）。Kwenda 是 ku + enda 缩合的结果——u 在元音前变成 w，这个变化你之后会反复见到。

Kwenda and kuja are infinitives with the ku- prefix (Note 01, class 15). Kwenda is ku + enda contracted — u becomes w before a vowel, a change you will meet again.

Five

你住几号房。

Which house do you live in.

-kaa to live, to stay

-kaa 是住、待。它上的还是 Note 01 那列火车，只是换了词根：

-kaa is to live or to stay. It rides the same train as everything in Note 01 §4:

零件 / Parts	动词 / Verb	意思 / Meaning
ni + na + kaa	ninakaa	我住 I live
u + na + kaa	unakaa	你住 you live
a + na + kaa	anakaa	他／她住 he / she lives
tu + na + kaa	tunakaa	我们住 we live
si + ka + i	sikai	我不住 I don’t live

ngapi how many

Note 01 的疑问词表里，ngapi 那一行写的是"还没讲"。现在可以划掉了。它跟 gani 一样放在名词后面：nyumba namba ngapi，字面是"房子号码多少"。

In the Note 01 question-word table, ngapi was marked not yet covered. It can be struck now. Like gani, it follows its noun.

Swahili	中文	English
Watu wangapi?	多少人？	how many people?
Vitabu vingapi?	多少本书？	how many books?
Saa ngapi?	几点了？	what time is it?

Ngapi 本身也参与一致：watu wangapi、vitabu vingapi，而 N 类的 nyumba ngapi 不显前缀。 · Ngapi agrees as well; the N class simply shows no prefix.

namba number

英语 number 的借词，N 类，单复同形。也写作 nambari。斯瓦希里语里晚近的借词几乎全部来自英语，而且几乎全部落进 N 类——这是那条规律仍在运作的证据，只是来源换了。

A loan from English number, N class, singular and plural alike. Also written nambari. Recent loans come overwhelmingly from English and land overwhelmingly in the N class: the same rule still running, with a different source.

第三、四句才是重点 The last two lines are the point

前两句练的是 u- 和 ni-，后两句把主语换成 rafiki——一个第三人称的名词——于是动词前缀必须换成 a-，回答用 yeye。这跟 Note 02 里 hajambo 做的是同一件事：把不在场的第三个人拉进句子。一个走的是问候的路子，一个走的是动词的路子。

The first two lines drill u- and ni-. The last two swap the subject for rafiki, a third-person noun, so the verb prefix must become a- and the answer takes yeye. This is the same move hajambo makes in Note 02 — pulling an absent third person into the sentence — arriving by the verb instead of by the greeting.

Six

je 和 -je。

Two words that look alike.

这是这一堂最容易记混的地方，而且混起来毫无提示，因为两个词拼写完全相同。

This is the most confusable thing in the session, and it gives no warning, because the two are spelled identically.

	Je, 放句首	-je 粘词尾
位置 Position	独立成词，句子最前，后面跟逗号 a word of its own, sentence-initial, followed by a comma	后缀，贴在动词末尾 a suffix on the end of the verb
作用 Job	提示"这是一个问句" marks the sentence as a question	问"怎么样、以什么方式" asks how
例 Example	Je, unakaa wapi?	Unasemaje?
中文 Meaning	请问，你住哪儿？	这个怎么说？

句首的 Je 大致相当于中文的"请问"或者书面语里那个提示疑问的语气——它本身不问任何具体内容，只是把整句标成问句。省掉它句子照样成立（Unakaa nyumba namba ngapi? 完全通顺），加上它更正式、更客气一点。

Sentence-initial Je is close to may I ask. It asks nothing on its own; it flags the whole sentence as a question. Drop it and the sentence still stands; keep it and the question is a shade more formal.

而 Note 01 第四节那个 -je 是实实在在在问东西的——Unaitwaje?（你怎么被称呼？）、Na wewe je?（你呢？）。分辨方法只有一个：看它站在哪儿。

The -je of Note 01 §4 genuinely asks something — Unaitwaje?, Na wewe je? There is one way to tell them apart: where it stands.

Seven

词汇。

Vocabulary.

数字 Numbers

Swahili	数 / No.	Swahili	数 / No.
sifuri	0	saba	7
moja	1	nane	8
mbili	2	tisa	9
tatu	3	kumi	10
nne	4	ishirini	20
tano	5	mia	100
sita	6	elfu	1000

其他 Other

Swahili	中文	English	Class / Note
-kaa	住、待	live, stay	verb
-enda / kwenda	去	go	verb
-ja / kuja	来	come	verb
ngapi	多少	how many	跟名词后，参与一致 · follows the noun, agrees
Je,	请问（句首）	question marker, sentence-initial	≠ the suffix -je
namba / nambari	号码	number	N
nyumba	房子	house	N
adui	敌人	enemy	N，阿拉伯语 · N, Arabic
rafiki	朋友	friend	N，阿拉伯语 · N, Arabic
mwisho	结束、最后	end, last	trees (3/4)
saa	小时、钟点、表	hour, o’clock, watch	N

Eight

练习。

Drills.

一 — 零到十，来回各一遍 One — nought to ten, and back

正着念一遍，倒着念一遍。然后只念那三个阿拉伯语借词，确认自己知道是哪三个。

Count up, count down. Then say only the three Arabic loans, and check you know which three they are.

sita, saba, tisa

二 — 拼出来 Two — assemble these

用斯瓦希里语说：12、19、23、47、150、2026。

12	kumi na mbili
19	kumi na tisa
23	ishirini na tatu
47	arobaini na saba
150	mia moja na hamsini
2026	elfu mbili na ishirini na sita

三 — 换主语 Three — swap the subject

把"你住几号房"改成问：我、他、我们、他们、朋友、妈妈。

Turn the house-number question onto: me, him, us, them, your friend, your mother.

ninakaa	我 I
anakaa	他／她、朋友、妈妈 he / she, the friend, mother
tunakaa	我们 we
wanakaa	他们 they

注意 rafiki 和 mama 虽然是 N 类名词，指人时动词仍用 a-。 · Though N-class nouns, rafiki and mama still take a- on the verb when they denote people.

四 — je 还是 -je Four — je or -je

把 je 放到正确的位置：（1）请问，你叫什么名字？（2）这个用斯瓦希里语怎么说？（3）请问，他住哪儿？（4）你呢？

1	Je, jina lako nani?
2	Unasemaje katika Kiswahili?
3	Je, anakaa wapi?
4	Na wewe je?

五 — 戴帽子的数字 Five — numbers under a hat

超前一点的练习：两个人、三本书、四间房、七个人、十本书。

Running ahead of the class: two people, three books, four houses, seven people, ten books.

watu wawili	两个人 two people
vitabu vitatu	三本书 three books
nyumba nne	四间房 four houses
watu saba	七个人——阿拉伯语借词不变形 seven people — the loan does not agree
vitabu kumi	十本书——同上 ten books — likewise